claw-code/rust/crates/runtime/src/conversation.rs

use std::collections::BTreeMap;
use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};

use serde_json::{Map, Value};
use telemetry::SessionTracer;

use crate::compact::{
    compact_session, estimate_session_tokens, CompactionConfig, CompactionResult,
};
use crate::config::RuntimeFeatureConfig;
use crate::hooks::{HookAbortSignal, HookProgressReporter, HookRunResult, HookRunner};
use crate::permissions::{
    PermissionContext, PermissionOutcome, PermissionPolicy, PermissionPrompter,
};
use crate::session::{ContentBlock, ConversationMessage, Session};
use crate::usage::{TokenUsage, UsageTracker};

const DEFAULT_AUTO_COMPACTION_INPUT_TOKENS_THRESHOLD: u32 = 100_000;
const AUTO_COMPACTION_THRESHOLD_ENV_VAR: &str = "CLAUDE_CODE_AUTO_COMPACT_INPUT_TOKENS";

/// Fully assembled request payload sent to the upstream model client.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct ApiRequest {
    pub system_prompt: Vec<String>,
    pub messages: Vec<ConversationMessage>,
}

/// Streamed events emitted while processing a single assistant turn.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum AssistantEvent {
    TextDelta(String),
    ToolUse {
        id: String,
        name: String,
        input: String,
    },
    Usage(TokenUsage),
    PromptCache(PromptCacheEvent),
    MessageStop,
}

/// Prompt-cache telemetry captured from the provider response stream.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct PromptCacheEvent {
    pub unexpected: bool,
    pub reason: String,
    pub previous_cache_read_input_tokens: u32,
    pub current_cache_read_input_tokens: u32,
    pub token_drop: u32,
}

/// Minimal streaming API contract required by [`ConversationRuntime`].
pub trait ApiClient {
    fn stream(&mut self, request: ApiRequest) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError>;
}

/// Trait implemented by tool dispatchers that execute model-requested tools.
pub trait ToolExecutor {
    fn execute(&mut self, tool_name: &str, input: &str) -> Result<String, ToolError>;
}

/// Error returned when a tool invocation fails locally.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct ToolError {
    message: String,
}

impl ToolError {
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        Self {
            message: message.into(),
        }
    }
}

impl Display for ToolError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.message)
    }
}

impl std::error::Error for ToolError {}

/// Error returned when a conversation turn cannot be completed.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct RuntimeError {
    message: String,
}

impl RuntimeError {
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        Self {
            message: message.into(),
        }
    }
}

impl Display for RuntimeError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.message)
    }
}

impl std::error::Error for RuntimeError {}

/// Summary of one completed runtime turn, including tool results and usage.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct TurnSummary {
    pub assistant_messages: Vec<ConversationMessage>,
    pub tool_results: Vec<ConversationMessage>,
    pub prompt_cache_events: Vec<PromptCacheEvent>,
    pub iterations: usize,
    pub usage: TokenUsage,
    pub auto_compaction: Option<AutoCompactionEvent>,
}

/// Details about automatic session compaction applied during a turn.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct AutoCompactionEvent {
    pub removed_message_count: usize,
}

/// Coordinates the model loop, tool execution, hooks, and session updates.
pub struct ConversationRuntime<C, T> {
    session: Session,
    api_client: C,
    tool_executor: T,
    permission_policy: PermissionPolicy,
    system_prompt: Vec<String>,
    max_iterations: usize,
    usage_tracker: UsageTracker,
    hook_runner: HookRunner,
    auto_compaction_input_tokens_threshold: u32,
    hook_abort_signal: HookAbortSignal,
    hook_progress_reporter: Option<Box<dyn HookProgressReporter>>,
    session_tracer: Option<SessionTracer>,
}

impl<C, T> ConversationRuntime<C, T>
where
    C: ApiClient,
    T: ToolExecutor,
{
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new(
        session: Session,
        api_client: C,
        tool_executor: T,
        permission_policy: PermissionPolicy,
        system_prompt: Vec<String>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self::new_with_features(
            session,
            api_client,
            tool_executor,
            permission_policy,
            system_prompt,
            &RuntimeFeatureConfig::default(),
        )
    }

    #[must_use]
    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    pub fn new_with_features(
        session: Session,
        api_client: C,
        tool_executor: T,
        permission_policy: PermissionPolicy,
        system_prompt: Vec<String>,
        feature_config: &RuntimeFeatureConfig,
    ) -> Self {
        let usage_tracker = UsageTracker::from_session(&session);
        Self {
            session,
            api_client,
            tool_executor,
            permission_policy,
            system_prompt,
            max_iterations: usize::MAX,
            usage_tracker,
            hook_runner: HookRunner::from_feature_config(feature_config),
            auto_compaction_input_tokens_threshold: auto_compaction_threshold_from_env(),
            hook_abort_signal: HookAbortSignal::default(),
            hook_progress_reporter: None,
            session_tracer: None,
        }
    }

    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_max_iterations(mut self, max_iterations: usize) -> Self {
        self.max_iterations = max_iterations;
        self
    }

    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_auto_compaction_input_tokens_threshold(mut self, threshold: u32) -> Self {
        self.auto_compaction_input_tokens_threshold = threshold;
        self
    }

    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_hook_abort_signal(mut self, hook_abort_signal: HookAbortSignal) -> Self {
        self.hook_abort_signal = hook_abort_signal;
        self
    }

    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_hook_progress_reporter(
        mut self,
        hook_progress_reporter: Box<dyn HookProgressReporter>,
    ) -> Self {
        self.hook_progress_reporter = Some(hook_progress_reporter);
        self
    }

    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_session_tracer(mut self, session_tracer: SessionTracer) -> Self {
        self.session_tracer = Some(session_tracer);
        self
    }

    fn run_pre_tool_use_hook(&mut self, tool_name: &str, input: &str) -> HookRunResult {
        if let Some(reporter) = self.hook_progress_reporter.as_mut() {
            self.hook_runner.run_pre_tool_use_with_context(
                tool_name,
                input,
                Some(&self.hook_abort_signal),
                Some(reporter.as_mut()),
            )
        } else {
            self.hook_runner.run_pre_tool_use_with_context(
                tool_name,
                input,
                Some(&self.hook_abort_signal),
                None,
            )
        }
    }

    fn run_post_tool_use_hook(
        &mut self,
        tool_name: &str,
        input: &str,
        output: &str,
        is_error: bool,
    ) -> HookRunResult {
        if let Some(reporter) = self.hook_progress_reporter.as_mut() {
            self.hook_runner.run_post_tool_use_with_context(
                tool_name,
                input,
                output,
                is_error,
                Some(&self.hook_abort_signal),
                Some(reporter.as_mut()),
            )
        } else {
            self.hook_runner.run_post_tool_use_with_context(
                tool_name,
                input,
                output,
                is_error,
                Some(&self.hook_abort_signal),
                None,
            )
        }
    }

    fn run_post_tool_use_failure_hook(
        &mut self,
        tool_name: &str,
        input: &str,
        output: &str,
    ) -> HookRunResult {
        if let Some(reporter) = self.hook_progress_reporter.as_mut() {
            self.hook_runner.run_post_tool_use_failure_with_context(
                tool_name,
                input,
                output,
                Some(&self.hook_abort_signal),
                Some(reporter.as_mut()),
            )
        } else {
            self.hook_runner.run_post_tool_use_failure_with_context(
                tool_name,
                input,
                output,
                Some(&self.hook_abort_signal),
                None,
            )
        }
    }

    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
    pub fn run_turn(
        &mut self,
        user_input: impl Into<String>,
        mut prompter: Option<&mut dyn PermissionPrompter>,
    ) -> Result<TurnSummary, RuntimeError> {
        let user_input = user_input.into();
        self.record_turn_started(&user_input);
        self.session
            .push_user_text(user_input)
            .map_err(|error| RuntimeError::new(error.to_string()))?;

        let mut assistant_messages = Vec::new();
        let mut tool_results = Vec::new();
        let mut prompt_cache_events = Vec::new();
        let mut iterations = 0;

        loop {
            iterations += 1;
            if iterations > self.max_iterations {
                let error = RuntimeError::new(
                    "conversation loop exceeded the maximum number of iterations",
                );
                self.record_turn_failed(iterations, &error);
                return Err(error);
            }

            let request = ApiRequest {
                system_prompt: self.system_prompt.clone(),
                messages: self.session.messages.clone(),
            };
            let events = match self.api_client.stream(request) {
                Ok(events) => events,
                Err(error) => {
                    self.record_turn_failed(iterations, &error);
                    return Err(error);
                }
            };
            let (assistant_message, usage, turn_prompt_cache_events) =
                match build_assistant_message(events) {
                    Ok(result) => result,
                    Err(error) => {
                        self.record_turn_failed(iterations, &error);
                        return Err(error);
                    }
                };
            if let Some(usage) = usage {
                self.usage_tracker.record(usage);
            }
            prompt_cache_events.extend(turn_prompt_cache_events);
            let pending_tool_uses = assistant_message
                .blocks
                .iter()
                .filter_map(|block| match block {
                    ContentBlock::ToolUse { id, name, input } => {
                        Some((id.clone(), name.clone(), input.clone()))
                    }
                    _ => None,
                })
                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
            self.record_assistant_iteration(
                iterations,
                &assistant_message,
                pending_tool_uses.len(),
            );

            self.session
                .push_message(assistant_message.clone())
                .map_err(|error| RuntimeError::new(error.to_string()))?;
            assistant_messages.push(assistant_message);

            if pending_tool_uses.is_empty() {
                break;
            }

            for (tool_use_id, tool_name, input) in pending_tool_uses {
                let pre_hook_result = self.run_pre_tool_use_hook(&tool_name, &input);
                let effective_input = pre_hook_result
                    .updated_input()
                    .map_or_else(|| input.clone(), ToOwned::to_owned);
                let permission_context = PermissionContext::new(
                    pre_hook_result.permission_override(),
                    pre_hook_result.permission_reason().map(ToOwned::to_owned),
                );

                let permission_outcome = if pre_hook_result.is_cancelled() {
                    PermissionOutcome::Deny {
                        reason: format_hook_message(
                            &pre_hook_result,
                            &format!("PreToolUse hook cancelled tool `{tool_name}`"),
                        ),
                    }
                } else if pre_hook_result.is_failed() {
                    PermissionOutcome::Deny {
                        reason: format_hook_message(
                            &pre_hook_result,
                            &format!("PreToolUse hook failed for tool `{tool_name}`"),
                        ),
                    }
                } else if pre_hook_result.is_denied() {
                    PermissionOutcome::Deny {
                        reason: format_hook_message(
                            &pre_hook_result,
                            &format!("PreToolUse hook denied tool `{tool_name}`"),
                        ),
                    }
                } else if let Some(prompt) = prompter.as_mut() {
                    self.permission_policy.authorize_with_context(
                        &tool_name,
                        &effective_input,
                        &permission_context,
                        Some(*prompt),
                    )
                } else {
                    self.permission_policy.authorize_with_context(
                        &tool_name,
                        &effective_input,
                        &permission_context,
                        None,
                    )
                };

                let result_message = match permission_outcome {
                    PermissionOutcome::Allow => {
                        self.record_tool_started(iterations, &tool_name);
                        let (mut output, mut is_error) =
                            match self.tool_executor.execute(&tool_name, &effective_input) {
                                Ok(output) => (output, false),
                                Err(error) => (error.to_string(), true),
                            };
                        output = merge_hook_feedback(pre_hook_result.messages(), output, false);

                        let post_hook_result = if is_error {
                            self.run_post_tool_use_failure_hook(
                                &tool_name,
                                &effective_input,
                                &output,
                            )
                        } else {
                            self.run_post_tool_use_hook(
                                &tool_name,
                                &effective_input,
                                &output,
                                false,
                            )
                        };
                        if post_hook_result.is_denied()
                            || post_hook_result.is_failed()
                            || post_hook_result.is_cancelled()
                        {
                            is_error = true;
                        }
                        output = merge_hook_feedback(
                            post_hook_result.messages(),
                            output,
                            post_hook_result.is_denied()
                                || post_hook_result.is_failed()
                                || post_hook_result.is_cancelled(),
                        );

                        ConversationMessage::tool_result(tool_use_id, tool_name, output, is_error)
                    }
                    PermissionOutcome::Deny { reason } => ConversationMessage::tool_result(
                        tool_use_id,
                        tool_name,
                        merge_hook_feedback(pre_hook_result.messages(), reason, true),
                        true,
                    ),
                };
                self.session
                    .push_message(result_message.clone())
                    .map_err(|error| RuntimeError::new(error.to_string()))?;
                self.record_tool_finished(iterations, &result_message);
                tool_results.push(result_message);
            }
        }

        let auto_compaction = self.maybe_auto_compact();

        let summary = TurnSummary {
            assistant_messages,
            tool_results,
            prompt_cache_events,
            iterations,
            usage: self.usage_tracker.cumulative_usage(),
            auto_compaction,
        };
        self.record_turn_completed(&summary);

        Ok(summary)
    }

    #[must_use]
    pub fn compact(&self, config: CompactionConfig) -> CompactionResult {
        compact_session(&self.session, config)
    }

    #[must_use]
    pub fn estimated_tokens(&self) -> usize {
        estimate_session_tokens(&self.session)
    }

    #[must_use]
    pub fn usage(&self) -> &UsageTracker {
        &self.usage_tracker
    }

    #[must_use]
    pub fn session(&self) -> &Session {
        &self.session
    }

    #[must_use]
    pub fn fork_session(&self, branch_name: Option<String>) -> Session {
        self.session.fork(branch_name)
    }

    #[must_use]
    pub fn into_session(self) -> Session {
        self.session
    }

    fn maybe_auto_compact(&mut self) -> Option<AutoCompactionEvent> {
        if self.usage_tracker.cumulative_usage().input_tokens
            < self.auto_compaction_input_tokens_threshold
        {
            return None;
        }

        let result = compact_session(
            &self.session,
            CompactionConfig {
                max_estimated_tokens: 0,
                ..CompactionConfig::default()
            },
        );

        if result.removed_message_count == 0 {
            return None;
        }

        self.session = result.compacted_session;
        Some(AutoCompactionEvent {
            removed_message_count: result.removed_message_count,
        })
    }

    fn record_turn_started(&self, user_input: &str) {
        let Some(session_tracer) = &self.session_tracer else {
            return;
        };

        let mut attributes = Map::new();
        attributes.insert(
            "user_input".to_string(),
            Value::String(user_input.to_string()),
        );
        session_tracer.record("turn_started", attributes);
    }

    fn record_assistant_iteration(
        &self,
        iteration: usize,
        assistant_message: &ConversationMessage,
        pending_tool_use_count: usize,
    ) {
        let Some(session_tracer) = &self.session_tracer else {
            return;
        };

        let mut attributes = Map::new();
        attributes.insert("iteration".to_string(), Value::from(iteration as u64));
        attributes.insert(
            "assistant_blocks".to_string(),
            Value::from(assistant_message.blocks.len() as u64),
        );
        attributes.insert(
            "pending_tool_use_count".to_string(),
            Value::from(pending_tool_use_count as u64),
        );
        session_tracer.record("assistant_iteration_completed", attributes);
    }

    fn record_tool_started(&self, iteration: usize, tool_name: &str) {
        let Some(session_tracer) = &self.session_tracer else {
            return;
        };

        let mut attributes = Map::new();
        attributes.insert("iteration".to_string(), Value::from(iteration as u64));
        attributes.insert(
            "tool_name".to_string(),
            Value::String(tool_name.to_string()),
        );
        session_tracer.record("tool_execution_started", attributes);
    }

    fn record_tool_finished(&self, iteration: usize, result_message: &ConversationMessage) {
        let Some(session_tracer) = &self.session_tracer else {
            return;
        };

        let Some(ContentBlock::ToolResult {
            tool_name,
            is_error,
            ..
        }) = result_message.blocks.first()
        else {
            return;
        };

        let mut attributes = Map::new();
        attributes.insert("iteration".to_string(), Value::from(iteration as u64));
        attributes.insert("tool_name".to_string(), Value::String(tool_name.clone()));
        attributes.insert("is_error".to_string(), Value::Bool(*is_error));
        session_tracer.record("tool_execution_finished", attributes);
    }

    fn record_turn_completed(&self, summary: &TurnSummary) {
        let Some(session_tracer) = &self.session_tracer else {
            return;
        };

        let mut attributes = Map::new();
        attributes.insert(
            "iterations".to_string(),
            Value::from(summary.iterations as u64),
        );
        attributes.insert(
            "assistant_messages".to_string(),
            Value::from(summary.assistant_messages.len() as u64),
        );
        attributes.insert(
            "tool_results".to_string(),
            Value::from(summary.tool_results.len() as u64),
        );
        attributes.insert(
            "prompt_cache_events".to_string(),
            Value::from(summary.prompt_cache_events.len() as u64),
        );
        session_tracer.record("turn_completed", attributes);
    }

    fn record_turn_failed(&self, iteration: usize, error: &RuntimeError) {
        let Some(session_tracer) = &self.session_tracer else {
            return;
        };

        let mut attributes = Map::new();
        attributes.insert("iteration".to_string(), Value::from(iteration as u64));
        attributes.insert("error".to_string(), Value::String(error.to_string()));
        session_tracer.record("turn_failed", attributes);
    }
}

/// Reads the automatic compaction threshold from the environment.
#[must_use]
pub fn auto_compaction_threshold_from_env() -> u32 {
    parse_auto_compaction_threshold(
        std::env::var(AUTO_COMPACTION_THRESHOLD_ENV_VAR)
            .ok()
            .as_deref(),
    )
}

#[must_use]
fn parse_auto_compaction_threshold(value: Option<&str>) -> u32 {
    value
        .and_then(|raw| raw.trim().parse::<u32>().ok())
        .filter(|threshold| *threshold > 0)
        .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_AUTO_COMPACTION_INPUT_TOKENS_THRESHOLD)
}

fn build_assistant_message(
    events: Vec<AssistantEvent>,
) -> Result<
    (
        ConversationMessage,
        Option<TokenUsage>,
        Vec<PromptCacheEvent>,
    ),
    RuntimeError,
> {
    let mut text = String::new();
    let mut blocks = Vec::new();
    let mut prompt_cache_events = Vec::new();
    let mut finished = false;
    let mut usage = None;

    for event in events {
        match event {
            AssistantEvent::TextDelta(delta) => text.push_str(&delta),
            AssistantEvent::ToolUse { id, name, input } => {
                flush_text_block(&mut text, &mut blocks);
                blocks.push(ContentBlock::ToolUse { id, name, input });
            }
            AssistantEvent::Usage(value) => usage = Some(value),
            AssistantEvent::PromptCache(event) => prompt_cache_events.push(event),
            AssistantEvent::MessageStop => {
                finished = true;
            }
        }
    }

    flush_text_block(&mut text, &mut blocks);

    if !finished {
        return Err(RuntimeError::new(
            "assistant stream ended without a message stop event",
        ));
    }
    if blocks.is_empty() {
        return Err(RuntimeError::new("assistant stream produced no content"));
    }

    Ok((
        ConversationMessage::assistant_with_usage(blocks, usage),
        usage,
        prompt_cache_events,
    ))
}

fn flush_text_block(text: &mut String, blocks: &mut Vec<ContentBlock>) {
    if !text.is_empty() {
        blocks.push(ContentBlock::Text {
            text: std::mem::take(text),
        });
    }
}

fn format_hook_message(result: &HookRunResult, fallback: &str) -> String {
    if result.messages().is_empty() {
        fallback.to_string()
    } else {
        result.messages().join("\n")
    }
}

fn merge_hook_feedback(messages: &[String], output: String, is_error: bool) -> String {
    if messages.is_empty() {
        return output;
    }

    let mut sections = Vec::new();
    if !output.trim().is_empty() {
        sections.push(output);
    }
    let label = if is_error {
        "Hook feedback (error)"
    } else {
        "Hook feedback"
    };
    sections.push(format!("{label}:\n{}", messages.join("\n")));
    sections.join("\n\n")
}

type ToolHandler = Box<dyn FnMut(&str) -> Result<String, ToolError>>;

/// Simple in-memory tool executor for tests and lightweight integrations.
#[derive(Default)]
pub struct StaticToolExecutor {
    handlers: BTreeMap<String, ToolHandler>,
}

impl StaticToolExecutor {
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self::default()
    }

    #[must_use]
    pub fn register(
        mut self,
        tool_name: impl Into<String>,
        handler: impl FnMut(&str) -> Result<String, ToolError> + 'static,
    ) -> Self {
        self.handlers.insert(tool_name.into(), Box::new(handler));
        self
    }
}

impl ToolExecutor for StaticToolExecutor {
    fn execute(&mut self, tool_name: &str, input: &str) -> Result<String, ToolError> {
        self.handlers
            .get_mut(tool_name)
            .ok_or_else(|| ToolError::new(format!("unknown tool: {tool_name}")))?(input)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{
        build_assistant_message, parse_auto_compaction_threshold, ApiClient, ApiRequest,
        AssistantEvent, AutoCompactionEvent, ConversationRuntime, PromptCacheEvent, RuntimeError,
        StaticToolExecutor, ToolExecutor, DEFAULT_AUTO_COMPACTION_INPUT_TOKENS_THRESHOLD,
    };
    use crate::compact::CompactionConfig;
    use crate::config::{RuntimeFeatureConfig, RuntimeHookConfig};
    use crate::permissions::{
        PermissionMode, PermissionPolicy, PermissionPromptDecision, PermissionPrompter,
        PermissionRequest,
    };
    use crate::prompt::{ProjectContext, SystemPromptBuilder};
    use crate::session::{ContentBlock, MessageRole, Session};
    use crate::usage::TokenUsage;
    use crate::ToolError;
    use std::fs;
    use std::path::PathBuf;
    use std::sync::Arc;
    use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
    use telemetry::{MemoryTelemetrySink, SessionTracer, TelemetryEvent};

    struct ScriptedApiClient {
        call_count: usize,
    }

    impl ApiClient for ScriptedApiClient {
        fn stream(&mut self, request: ApiRequest) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError> {
            self.call_count += 1;
            match self.call_count {
                1 => {
                    assert!(request
                        .messages
                        .iter()
                        .any(|message| message.role == MessageRole::User));
                    Ok(vec![
                        AssistantEvent::TextDelta("Let me calculate that.".to_string()),
                        AssistantEvent::ToolUse {
                            id: "tool-1".to_string(),
                            name: "add".to_string(),
                            input: "2,2".to_string(),
                        },
                        AssistantEvent::Usage(TokenUsage {
                            input_tokens: 20,
                            output_tokens: 6,
                            cache_creation_input_tokens: 1,
                            cache_read_input_tokens: 2,
                        }),
                        AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                    ])
                }
                2 => {
                    let last_message = request
                        .messages
                        .last()
                        .expect("tool result should be present");
                    assert_eq!(last_message.role, MessageRole::Tool);
                    Ok(vec![
                        AssistantEvent::TextDelta("The answer is 4.".to_string()),
                        AssistantEvent::Usage(TokenUsage {
                            input_tokens: 24,
                            output_tokens: 4,
                            cache_creation_input_tokens: 1,
                            cache_read_input_tokens: 3,
                        }),
                        AssistantEvent::PromptCache(PromptCacheEvent {
                            unexpected: true,
                            reason:
                                "cache read tokens dropped while prompt fingerprint remained stable"
                                    .to_string(),
                            previous_cache_read_input_tokens: 6_000,
                            current_cache_read_input_tokens: 1_000,
                            token_drop: 5_000,
                        }),
                        AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                    ])
                }
                _ => unreachable!("extra API call"),
            }
        }
    }

    struct PromptAllowOnce;

    impl PermissionPrompter for PromptAllowOnce {
        fn decide(&mut self, request: &PermissionRequest) -> PermissionPromptDecision {
            assert_eq!(request.tool_name, "add");
            PermissionPromptDecision::Allow
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn runs_user_to_tool_to_result_loop_end_to_end_and_tracks_usage() {
        let api_client = ScriptedApiClient { call_count: 0 };
        let tool_executor = StaticToolExecutor::new().register("add", |input| {
            let total = input
                .split(',')
                .map(|part| part.parse::<i32>().expect("input must be valid integer"))
                .sum::<i32>();
            Ok(total.to_string())
        });
        let permission_policy = PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::WorkspaceWrite);
        let system_prompt = SystemPromptBuilder::new()
            .with_project_context(ProjectContext {
                cwd: PathBuf::from("/tmp/project"),
                current_date: "2026-03-31".to_string(),
                git_status: None,
                git_diff: None,
                instruction_files: Vec::new(),
            })
            .with_os("linux", "6.8")
            .build();
        let mut runtime = ConversationRuntime::new(
            Session::new(),
            api_client,
            tool_executor,
            permission_policy,
            system_prompt,
        );

        let summary = runtime
            .run_turn("what is 2 + 2?", Some(&mut PromptAllowOnce))
            .expect("conversation loop should succeed");

        assert_eq!(summary.iterations, 2);
        assert_eq!(summary.assistant_messages.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(summary.tool_results.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(summary.prompt_cache_events.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(runtime.session().messages.len(), 4);
        assert_eq!(summary.usage.output_tokens, 10);
        assert_eq!(summary.auto_compaction, None);
        assert!(matches!(
            runtime.session().messages[1].blocks[1],
            ContentBlock::ToolUse { .. }
        ));
        assert!(matches!(
            runtime.session().messages[2].blocks[0],
            ContentBlock::ToolResult {
                is_error: false,
                ..
            }
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn records_runtime_session_trace_events() {
        let sink = Arc::new(MemoryTelemetrySink::default());
        let tracer = SessionTracer::new("session-runtime", sink.clone());
        let mut runtime = ConversationRuntime::new(
            Session::new(),
            ScriptedApiClient { call_count: 0 },
            StaticToolExecutor::new().register("add", |_input| Ok("4".to_string())),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::WorkspaceWrite),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
        )
        .with_session_tracer(tracer);

        runtime
            .run_turn("what is 2 + 2?", Some(&mut PromptAllowOnce))
            .expect("conversation loop should succeed");

        let events = sink.events();
        let trace_names = events
            .iter()
            .filter_map(|event| match event {
                TelemetryEvent::SessionTrace(trace) => Some(trace.name.as_str()),
                _ => None,
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        assert!(trace_names.contains(&"turn_started"));
        assert!(trace_names.contains(&"assistant_iteration_completed"));
        assert!(trace_names.contains(&"tool_execution_started"));
        assert!(trace_names.contains(&"tool_execution_finished"));
        assert!(trace_names.contains(&"turn_completed"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn records_denied_tool_results_when_prompt_rejects() {
        struct RejectPrompter;
        impl PermissionPrompter for RejectPrompter {
            fn decide(&mut self, _request: &PermissionRequest) -> PermissionPromptDecision {
                PermissionPromptDecision::Deny {
                    reason: "not now".to_string(),
                }
            }
        }

        struct SingleCallApiClient;
        impl ApiClient for SingleCallApiClient {
            fn stream(&mut self, request: ApiRequest) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError> {
                if request
                    .messages
                    .iter()
                    .any(|message| message.role == MessageRole::Tool)
                {
                    return Ok(vec![
                        AssistantEvent::TextDelta("I could not use the tool.".to_string()),
                        AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                    ]);
                }
                Ok(vec![
                    AssistantEvent::ToolUse {
                        id: "tool-1".to_string(),
                        name: "blocked".to_string(),
                        input: "secret".to_string(),
                    },
                    AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                ])
            }
        }

        let mut runtime = ConversationRuntime::new(
            Session::new(),
            SingleCallApiClient,
            StaticToolExecutor::new(),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::WorkspaceWrite),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
        );

        let summary = runtime
            .run_turn("use the tool", Some(&mut RejectPrompter))
            .expect("conversation should continue after denied tool");

        assert_eq!(summary.tool_results.len(), 1);
        assert!(matches!(
            &summary.tool_results[0].blocks[0],
            ContentBlock::ToolResult { is_error: true, output, .. } if output == "not now"
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn denies_tool_use_when_pre_tool_hook_blocks() {
        struct SingleCallApiClient;
        impl ApiClient for SingleCallApiClient {
            fn stream(&mut self, request: ApiRequest) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError> {
                if request
                    .messages
                    .iter()
                    .any(|message| message.role == MessageRole::Tool)
                {
                    return Ok(vec![
                        AssistantEvent::TextDelta("blocked".to_string()),
                        AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                    ]);
                }
                Ok(vec![
                    AssistantEvent::ToolUse {
                        id: "tool-1".to_string(),
                        name: "blocked".to_string(),
                        input: r#"{"path":"secret.txt"}"#.to_string(),
                    },
                    AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                ])
            }
        }

        let mut runtime = ConversationRuntime::new_with_features(
            Session::new(),
            SingleCallApiClient,
            StaticToolExecutor::new().register("blocked", |_input| {
                panic!("tool should not execute when hook denies")
            }),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::DangerFullAccess),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
            &RuntimeFeatureConfig::default().with_hooks(RuntimeHookConfig::new(
                vec![shell_snippet("printf 'blocked by hook'; exit 2")],
                Vec::new(),
                Vec::new(),
            )),
        );

        let summary = runtime
            .run_turn("use the tool", None)
            .expect("conversation should continue after hook denial");

        assert_eq!(summary.tool_results.len(), 1);
        let ContentBlock::ToolResult {
            is_error, output, ..
        } = &summary.tool_results[0].blocks[0]
        else {
            panic!("expected tool result block");
        };
        assert!(
            *is_error,
            "hook denial should produce an error result: {output}"
        );
        assert!(
            output.contains("denied tool") || output.contains("blocked by hook"),
            "unexpected hook denial output: {output:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn denies_tool_use_when_pre_tool_hook_fails() {
        struct SingleCallApiClient;
        impl ApiClient for SingleCallApiClient {
            fn stream(&mut self, request: ApiRequest) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError> {
                if request
                    .messages
                    .iter()
                    .any(|message| message.role == MessageRole::Tool)
                {
                    return Ok(vec![
                        AssistantEvent::TextDelta("failed".to_string()),
                        AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                    ]);
                }
                Ok(vec![
                    AssistantEvent::ToolUse {
                        id: "tool-1".to_string(),
                        name: "blocked".to_string(),
                        input: r#"{"path":"secret.txt"}"#.to_string(),
                    },
                    AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                ])
            }
        }

        // given
        let mut runtime = ConversationRuntime::new_with_features(
            Session::new(),
            SingleCallApiClient,
            StaticToolExecutor::new().register("blocked", |_input| {
                panic!("tool should not execute when hook fails")
            }),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::DangerFullAccess),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
            &RuntimeFeatureConfig::default().with_hooks(RuntimeHookConfig::new(
                vec![shell_snippet("printf 'broken hook'; exit 1")],
                Vec::new(),
                Vec::new(),
            )),
        );

        // when
        let summary = runtime
            .run_turn("use the tool", None)
            .expect("conversation should continue after hook failure");

        // then
        assert_eq!(summary.tool_results.len(), 1);
        let ContentBlock::ToolResult {
            is_error, output, ..
        } = &summary.tool_results[0].blocks[0]
        else {
            panic!("expected tool result block");
        };
        assert!(
            *is_error,
            "hook failure should produce an error result: {output}"
        );
        assert!(
            output.contains("exited with status 1") || output.contains("broken hook"),
            "unexpected hook failure output: {output:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn appends_post_tool_hook_feedback_to_tool_result() {
        struct TwoCallApiClient {
            calls: usize,
        }

        impl ApiClient for TwoCallApiClient {
            fn stream(&mut self, request: ApiRequest) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError> {
                self.calls += 1;
                match self.calls {
                    1 => Ok(vec![
                        AssistantEvent::ToolUse {
                            id: "tool-1".to_string(),
                            name: "add".to_string(),
                            input: r#"{"lhs":2,"rhs":2}"#.to_string(),
                        },
                        AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                    ]),
                    2 => {
                        assert!(request
                            .messages
                            .iter()
                            .any(|message| message.role == MessageRole::Tool));
                        Ok(vec![
                            AssistantEvent::TextDelta("done".to_string()),
                            AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                        ])
                    }
                    _ => unreachable!("extra API call"),
                }
            }
        }

        let mut runtime = ConversationRuntime::new_with_features(
            Session::new(),
            TwoCallApiClient { calls: 0 },
            StaticToolExecutor::new().register("add", |_input| Ok("4".to_string())),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::DangerFullAccess),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
            &RuntimeFeatureConfig::default().with_hooks(RuntimeHookConfig::new(
                vec![shell_snippet("printf 'pre hook ran'")],
                vec![shell_snippet("printf 'post hook ran'")],
                Vec::new(),
            )),
        );

        let summary = runtime
            .run_turn("use add", None)
            .expect("tool loop succeeds");

        assert_eq!(summary.tool_results.len(), 1);
        let ContentBlock::ToolResult {
            is_error, output, ..
        } = &summary.tool_results[0].blocks[0]
        else {
            panic!("expected tool result block");
        };
        assert!(
            !*is_error,
            "post hook should preserve non-error result: {output:?}"
        );
        assert!(
            output.contains('4'),
            "tool output missing value: {output:?}"
        );
        assert!(
            output.contains("pre hook ran"),
            "tool output missing pre hook feedback: {output:?}"
        );
        assert!(
            output.contains("post hook ran"),
            "tool output missing post hook feedback: {output:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn appends_post_tool_use_failure_hook_feedback_to_tool_result() {
        struct TwoCallApiClient {
            calls: usize,
        }

        impl ApiClient for TwoCallApiClient {
            fn stream(&mut self, request: ApiRequest) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError> {
                self.calls += 1;
                match self.calls {
                    1 => Ok(vec![
                        AssistantEvent::ToolUse {
                            id: "tool-1".to_string(),
                            name: "fail".to_string(),
                            input: r#"{"path":"README.md"}"#.to_string(),
                        },
                        AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                    ]),
                    2 => {
                        assert!(request
                            .messages
                            .iter()
                            .any(|message| message.role == MessageRole::Tool));
                        Ok(vec![
                            AssistantEvent::TextDelta("done".to_string()),
                            AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                        ])
                    }
                    _ => unreachable!("extra API call"),
                }
            }
        }

        // given
        let mut runtime = ConversationRuntime::new_with_features(
            Session::new(),
            TwoCallApiClient { calls: 0 },
            StaticToolExecutor::new()
                .register("fail", |_input| Err(ToolError::new("tool exploded"))),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::DangerFullAccess),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
            &RuntimeFeatureConfig::default().with_hooks(RuntimeHookConfig::new(
                Vec::new(),
                vec![shell_snippet("printf 'post hook should not run'")],
                vec![shell_snippet("printf 'failure hook ran'")],
            )),
        );

        // when
        let summary = runtime
            .run_turn("use fail", None)
            .expect("tool loop succeeds");

        // then
        assert_eq!(summary.tool_results.len(), 1);
        let ContentBlock::ToolResult {
            is_error, output, ..
        } = &summary.tool_results[0].blocks[0]
        else {
            panic!("expected tool result block");
        };
        assert!(
            *is_error,
            "failure hook path should preserve error result: {output:?}"
        );
        assert!(
            output.contains("tool exploded"),
            "tool output missing failure reason: {output:?}"
        );
        assert!(
            output.contains("failure hook ran"),
            "tool output missing failure hook feedback: {output:?}"
        );
        assert!(
            !output.contains("post hook should not run"),
            "normal post hook should not run on tool failure: {output:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn reconstructs_usage_tracker_from_restored_session() {
        struct SimpleApi;
        impl ApiClient for SimpleApi {
            fn stream(
                &mut self,
                _request: ApiRequest,
            ) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError> {
                Ok(vec![
                    AssistantEvent::TextDelta("done".to_string()),
                    AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                ])
            }
        }

        let mut session = Session::new();
        session
            .messages
            .push(crate::session::ConversationMessage::assistant_with_usage(
                vec![ContentBlock::Text {
                    text: "earlier".to_string(),
                }],
                Some(TokenUsage {
                    input_tokens: 11,
                    output_tokens: 7,
                    cache_creation_input_tokens: 2,
                    cache_read_input_tokens: 1,
                }),
            ));

        let runtime = ConversationRuntime::new(
            session,
            SimpleApi,
            StaticToolExecutor::new(),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::DangerFullAccess),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
        );

        assert_eq!(runtime.usage().turns(), 1);
        assert_eq!(runtime.usage().cumulative_usage().total_tokens(), 21);
    }

    #[test]
    fn compacts_session_after_turns() {
        struct SimpleApi;
        impl ApiClient for SimpleApi {
            fn stream(
                &mut self,
                _request: ApiRequest,
            ) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError> {
                Ok(vec![
                    AssistantEvent::TextDelta("done".to_string()),
                    AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                ])
            }
        }

        let mut runtime = ConversationRuntime::new(
            Session::new(),
            SimpleApi,
            StaticToolExecutor::new(),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::DangerFullAccess),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
        );
        runtime.run_turn("a", None).expect("turn a");
        runtime.run_turn("b", None).expect("turn b");
        runtime.run_turn("c", None).expect("turn c");

        let result = runtime.compact(CompactionConfig {
            preserve_recent_messages: 2,
            max_estimated_tokens: 1,
        });
        assert!(result.summary.contains("Conversation summary"));
        assert_eq!(
            result.compacted_session.messages[0].role,
            MessageRole::System
        );
        assert_eq!(
            result.compacted_session.session_id,
            runtime.session().session_id
        );
        assert!(result.compacted_session.compaction.is_some());
    }

    #[test]
    fn persists_conversation_turn_messages_to_jsonl_session() {
        struct SimpleApi;
        impl ApiClient for SimpleApi {
            fn stream(
                &mut self,
                _request: ApiRequest,
            ) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError> {
                Ok(vec![
                    AssistantEvent::TextDelta("done".to_string()),
                    AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                ])
            }
        }

        let path = temp_session_path("persisted-turn");
        let session = Session::new().with_persistence_path(path.clone());
        let mut runtime = ConversationRuntime::new(
            session,
            SimpleApi,
            StaticToolExecutor::new(),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::DangerFullAccess),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
        );

        runtime
            .run_turn("persist this turn", None)
            .expect("turn should succeed");

        let restored = Session::load_from_path(&path).expect("persisted session should reload");
        fs::remove_file(&path).expect("temp session file should be removable");

        assert_eq!(restored.messages.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(restored.messages[0].role, MessageRole::User);
        assert_eq!(restored.messages[1].role, MessageRole::Assistant);
        assert_eq!(restored.session_id, runtime.session().session_id);
    }

    #[test]
    fn forks_runtime_session_without_mutating_original() {
        let mut session = Session::new();
        session
            .push_user_text("branch me")
            .expect("message should append");

        let runtime = ConversationRuntime::new(
            session.clone(),
            ScriptedApiClient { call_count: 0 },
            StaticToolExecutor::new(),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::DangerFullAccess),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
        );

        let forked = runtime.fork_session(Some("alt-path".to_string()));

        assert_eq!(forked.messages, session.messages);
        assert_ne!(forked.session_id, session.session_id);
        assert_eq!(
            forked
                .fork
                .as_ref()
                .map(|fork| (fork.parent_session_id.as_str(), fork.branch_name.as_deref())),
            Some((session.session_id.as_str(), Some("alt-path")))
        );
        assert!(runtime.session().fork.is_none());
    }

    fn temp_session_path(label: &str) -> PathBuf {
        let nanos = SystemTime::now()
            .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
            .expect("system time should be after epoch")
            .as_nanos();
        std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("runtime-conversation-{label}-{nanos}.json"))
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    fn shell_snippet(script: &str) -> String {
        script.replace('\'', "\"")
    }

    #[cfg(not(windows))]
    fn shell_snippet(script: &str) -> String {
        script.to_string()
    }

    #[test]
    fn auto_compacts_when_cumulative_input_threshold_is_crossed() {
        struct SimpleApi;
        impl ApiClient for SimpleApi {
            fn stream(
                &mut self,
                _request: ApiRequest,
            ) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError> {
                Ok(vec![
                    AssistantEvent::TextDelta("done".to_string()),
                    AssistantEvent::Usage(TokenUsage {
                        input_tokens: 120_000,
                        output_tokens: 4,
                        cache_creation_input_tokens: 0,
                        cache_read_input_tokens: 0,
                    }),
                    AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                ])
            }
        }

        let mut session = Session::new();
        session.messages = vec![
            crate::session::ConversationMessage::user_text("one"),
            crate::session::ConversationMessage::assistant(vec![ContentBlock::Text {
                text: "two".to_string(),
            }]),
            crate::session::ConversationMessage::user_text("three"),
            crate::session::ConversationMessage::assistant(vec![ContentBlock::Text {
                text: "four".to_string(),
            }]),
        ];

        let mut runtime = ConversationRuntime::new(
            session,
            SimpleApi,
            StaticToolExecutor::new(),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::DangerFullAccess),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
        )
        .with_auto_compaction_input_tokens_threshold(100_000);

        let summary = runtime
            .run_turn("trigger", None)
            .expect("turn should succeed");

        assert_eq!(
            summary.auto_compaction,
            Some(AutoCompactionEvent {
                removed_message_count: 2,
            })
        );
        assert_eq!(runtime.session().messages[0].role, MessageRole::System);
    }

    #[test]
    fn skips_auto_compaction_below_threshold() {
        struct SimpleApi;
        impl ApiClient for SimpleApi {
            fn stream(
                &mut self,
                _request: ApiRequest,
            ) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError> {
                Ok(vec![
                    AssistantEvent::TextDelta("done".to_string()),
                    AssistantEvent::Usage(TokenUsage {
                        input_tokens: 99_999,
                        output_tokens: 4,
                        cache_creation_input_tokens: 0,
                        cache_read_input_tokens: 0,
                    }),
                    AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                ])
            }
        }

        let mut runtime = ConversationRuntime::new(
            Session::new(),
            SimpleApi,
            StaticToolExecutor::new(),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::DangerFullAccess),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
        )
        .with_auto_compaction_input_tokens_threshold(100_000);

        let summary = runtime
            .run_turn("trigger", None)
            .expect("turn should succeed");
        assert_eq!(summary.auto_compaction, None);
        assert_eq!(runtime.session().messages.len(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn auto_compaction_threshold_defaults_and_parses_values() {
        assert_eq!(
            parse_auto_compaction_threshold(None),
            DEFAULT_AUTO_COMPACTION_INPUT_TOKENS_THRESHOLD
        );
        assert_eq!(parse_auto_compaction_threshold(Some("4321")), 4321);
        assert_eq!(
            parse_auto_compaction_threshold(Some("0")),
            DEFAULT_AUTO_COMPACTION_INPUT_TOKENS_THRESHOLD
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_auto_compaction_threshold(Some("not-a-number")),
            DEFAULT_AUTO_COMPACTION_INPUT_TOKENS_THRESHOLD
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn build_assistant_message_requires_message_stop_event() {
        // given
        let events = vec![AssistantEvent::TextDelta("hello".to_string())];

        // when
        let error = build_assistant_message(events)
            .expect_err("assistant messages should require a stop event");

        // then
        assert!(error
            .to_string()
            .contains("assistant stream ended without a message stop event"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn build_assistant_message_requires_content() {
        // given
        let events = vec![AssistantEvent::MessageStop];

        // when
        let error =
            build_assistant_message(events).expect_err("assistant messages should require content");

        // then
        assert!(error
            .to_string()
            .contains("assistant stream produced no content"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn static_tool_executor_rejects_unknown_tools() {
        // given
        let mut executor = StaticToolExecutor::new();

        // when
        let error = executor
            .execute("missing", "{}")
            .expect_err("unregistered tools should fail");

        // then
        assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "unknown tool: missing");
    }

    #[test]
    fn run_turn_errors_when_max_iterations_is_exceeded() {
        struct LoopingApi;

        impl ApiClient for LoopingApi {
            fn stream(
                &mut self,
                _request: ApiRequest,
            ) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError> {
                Ok(vec![
                    AssistantEvent::ToolUse {
                        id: "tool-1".to_string(),
                        name: "echo".to_string(),
                        input: "payload".to_string(),
                    },
                    AssistantEvent::MessageStop,
                ])
            }
        }

        // given
        let mut runtime = ConversationRuntime::new(
            Session::new(),
            LoopingApi,
            StaticToolExecutor::new().register("echo", |input| Ok(input.to_string())),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::DangerFullAccess),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
        )
        .with_max_iterations(1);

        // when
        let error = runtime
            .run_turn("loop", None)
            .expect_err("conversation loop should stop after the configured limit");

        // then
        assert!(error
            .to_string()
            .contains("conversation loop exceeded the maximum number of iterations"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn run_turn_propagates_api_errors() {
        struct FailingApi;

        impl ApiClient for FailingApi {
            fn stream(
                &mut self,
                _request: ApiRequest,
            ) -> Result<Vec<AssistantEvent>, RuntimeError> {
                Err(RuntimeError::new("upstream failed"))
            }
        }

        // given
        let mut runtime = ConversationRuntime::new(
            Session::new(),
            FailingApi,
            StaticToolExecutor::new(),
            PermissionPolicy::new(PermissionMode::DangerFullAccess),
            vec!["system".to_string()],
        );

        // when
        let error = runtime
            .run_turn("hello", None)
            .expect_err("API failures should propagate");

        // then
        assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "upstream failed");
    }
}